The Environmental Ethics Of Coal Essay Example For Students

The Environmental Ethics Of Coal Essay Augustus KaskonsEnvironmental EthicsCoal Kingdom Coal was used in the 1700’s by the English, and found that burning coal was cleaner and hotter as opposed to wood charcoal (Department of Energy). However, in the second half of the 1800’s, even more uses for coal were discovered (Department of Energy). Coal was used for blast furnaces to make steel, to generate electricity, home heating, and today we use coal mainly for electricity (Department of Energy). So what is coal? â€Å"Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remains of prehistoric vegetation that originally accumulated in swamps and peat bogs. The energy we get from coal today comes from the energy that plants absorbed from the sun millions of years ago†(World Coal Association). We will write a custom essay on The Environmental Ethics Of Coal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Coal is the main way that the United States generates electricity. Power plants that generate electricity through the burning of coal are known as coal fired power plants. Where is coal found? â€Å"Coal reserves are available in almost every country worldwide, with recoverable reserves in around 70 countries. The biggest reserves are in the USA, Russia, China, and India† (World Coal Association). â€Å"There are an estimated 892 billion tonnes of proven coal reserves worldwide. This means that there is enough coal to last us around 110 years at current rates of production. In contrast proven oil and gas reserves are equivalent to around 52 and 54 years at current production levels† (World Coal Association). The way coal is extracted is by mining. In laymen’s terms, coal is extracted by digging mines where the coal has been located, and then workers go in and extract the coal manually. There are some machines that are also utilized in order to make the extraction process more efficient, and funny eno. .both the environment and humans, is because it is cheap, reliable, supports families, and economies. In our anthropogenic view of the world, coal is an amazing substance and we owe our technological advancements to coal and fossil fuels alike. There are trade offs with everything when it comes to the environment; coal is not excused from this rule. We are developing several new ways of harnessing energy naturally and without carbon emissions such as, solar power, wind power, geothermal power, and hydro power. Those are just a few of the ways we are now trying to generate energy. The benefit of these methods is that there is no carbon emission, and they don’t use fuel in order to generate electricity, which means they can continue to utilize the renewable energy sources for centuries. Coal is not an evil substance, and without it humans wouldn’t be where we are today.

Write for the Judge The Secret to Winning Writing Contests

Write for the Judge The Secret to Winning Writing Contests There are hundreds of writing contests out there offering prizes of thousands of dollars for short story writers, poets and novelists. The downside is that you often have to pay to enter, so if you enter too many without success, it can be expensive. Contests are always a bit of a gamble, but theres a simple way to increase your chances. Write for the judge. Of all the details of writing contests, the judge is often the most overlooked, and yet it’s one of the most crucial. The judge is the person who will be deciding whether you win or lose, get published or get a rejection slip. Doesn’t it make sense to find out what this person likes or dislikes? Fortunately, with writing contests, this is usually easy to find out. Whereas regular submissions to magazines or newspapers will be handled Here’s an example of how it works. Last year, I decided to enter the Nottingham Short Story Competition. The judge was M.J. Hyland, so I decided to find out more about her. I read a  story she had available online, visited her website, read interviews and profiles. Then I wrote a story just for her, a story I thought she’d really like to read. The result: a respectable third place, publication in an anthology, and a check for  £125. I’ve used a similar method to win thousands of pounds worth of writing prizes. But isn’t that compromising your integrity? Shouldn’t you just write for yourself? No. Anything you write is for an audience; the whole point of telling a story is to entertain or enlighten other people. The audience here is just smaller than usual! Of course you should never write anything you don’t believe in, and I’m not saying you should mimic the judge’s writing style or content. What I am saying is that you can improve your chances greatly As an added bonus, reading and analyzing the work of an accomplished writer will help you learn from them and improve your own writing. So even if you don’t win the contest, the exercise will have been a valuable one. Of course, sometimes the judge will be someone you can’t really write for without compromising your integrity, someone whose interests or writing style are radically different from your own. In that case, the best course of action is simply to walk away and congratulate yourself on saving the entry fee. There are plenty of contests, so theres always another possibility! To find a writing contest to enter, the FundsforWriters newsletter is of course a fantastic resource. Here are a few others to check out:    ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Booktrust  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Poets Writers  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FirstWriter.com  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Freelance Writing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Writers Reign

The Chief Justices Prepositional Slip

The Chief Justices Prepositional Slip The Chief Justices Prepositional Slip The Chief Justices Prepositional Slip By Maeve Maddox Most of the comments about the Chief Justices verbal stumble while administering the Presidential oath focus on the adverb faithfully. Not many pundits talk about the changing of of to to in the phrase President of the United States. Heres the Presidential oath as prescribed by law: I, (So and So), do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. The formula so help me God is traditionally added. Heres the mixed-up line that that Roberts modeled for the President-elect: will execute the office of President to the United States faithfully. Its one thing to move the faithfully. Its something else to alter the preposition in the familiar and immutable phrasing of President of the United States. The phrase President of the United States is not open to variation. In what context would we ever say President to the United States? One can speak of an ambassador to the United States or an ambassador of the United States. In the first instance, to makes it clear that the ambassador belongs somewhere else. He may be attached to the United States, but its as an outsider. In the second instance, the of makes it clear that the ambassador is carrying on the work of the United States. So why would Chief Justice Roberts come up with the unprecedented President to the United States while delivering the oath of office? Could it have been an example of parapraxis? parapraxis [pÄÆ'rÉ™-prÄÆ'ksÄ ­s]: a verbal mistake that is thought to reveal an unconscious belief, thought, or emotion. Parapraxis is more commonly known as a Freudian slip. As senator, Obama objected to the appointment of Roberts to the Supreme Court. Its not unreasonable to think that Roberts was less than happy to have the task of swearing Obama in as President. Heres a possible interpretation of the substitution of to for of. Both of and to have myriad applications in English, but in these two phrases, of has the force of joining, while to has the effect of distancing. Could there have been an unconscious wish to distance Obama from the office? The preposition switch may not be evidence of parapraxis, but the fact remains that Roberts did mess up the oath. Poor guy! Hes earned himself forever the distinction of being the first justice to to stumble over the 35-word oath in the course of sixty-four years and eleven Presidents. Afterthoughts 1. Some commentators put the blame on Obama for jumping in after his name, but G.H.W. Bush did the same thing and Justice Rehnquist didnt miss a beat. 2. To be on the safe side, Roberts re-administered the oath in private, the day after the inaugural ceremony. Two other Presidents have received a double dose of the oath: Chester A. Arthur (1829-1886) and Calvin Coolidge (1872-1933), both Vice-Presidents succeeding a deceased President. Arthur took the oath in his own home, at midnight, upon receiving word that President Garfield was dead. N.Y. Supreme Court justice John R. Brady administered it, but two days later Arthur swore the oath a second time. Calvin Coolidge was in Vermont when President Harding died in California. Coolidges father, a notary public, administered the oath at 2:47 a.m. Next day Coolidge returned to Washington where he repeated the oath before Justice A. A. Hoehling. You may enjoy watching this video of Presidents from FDR to G.W. Bush taking the oath. Notice that LBJ, being sworn in while still in shock, said I do solemnly swear without inserting his name after the I. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherWhat to Do When Words Appear Twice in a RowDissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 17

Strategic management - Essay Example In this approach, resource allocation plays a major role as implementation of a plan requires wide array of resources. There has been numerous models and frameworks developed by practitioners in context of strategic decision making. This approach cannot be considered as static in nature and the models comprise of feedback to monitor execution. Strategies are designed by organizations in order to obtain valuable and unique position in the market place. Strategic management helps an organization to identify its areas of strengths that can be utilized to obtain desirable goals and objectives. In this particular study, strategic management at Nestle will be thoroughly analyzed. Nestle is a Swiss multinational company belonging to the food and beverage industry. The company has its headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland. Nestle can be stated as the largest food company in context of revenue margins. A merger of Anglo-Swiss Milk Company led to the formation of Nestle in 1905. The company has e xpanded its business operations through product diversification strategy. It initially manufactured infant formula products and condensed but later shifted into wide range of products such as bottled water, tea, coffee, breakfast cereals, baby food, dairy products, frozen food, confectionary, snacks, ice-creams and pet foods. On the other hand, the company has even done series of corporate acquisitions so as to sustain its position in the industry. Nutrition can be stated as the core principle in Nestle’s business operations. However in the current scenario more emphasis is given on this factor along with wellness and health. Individual business units and corporate wellness units of Nestle are major driving forces in Good Life, Good Food to end users. The global population has witnessed a tremendous growth and it has summed up to six billion. There have been changes in lifestyle and even living standards have improved in

Health Risks of being Obese and Dangers of Anorexia, Bulimia, and Research Paper

Health Risks of being Obese and Dangers of Anorexia, Bulimia, and Gastric By-Pass - Research Paper Example Adults as well as children have been observed to frequently suffer from obesity in modern day context. Obesity is one of the major origins of preventable death. There are various health risks which are attached with obesity or overweight. The health risks associated with obesity are Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, gallbladder disease, pregnancy complications, liver disease as well as sleep apnea among others. Obesity is considered as a psychological as well as a physical problem. Moreover, psychological problems relating to depression, eating disorder and anxiety are among the factors which are responsible for disrupting healthy diet. Body mass index (BMI) is a technique utilized with the intention of determining health risks of a person associated with an individual weight. BMI is normally a proportion of weight to height (NIDDK, 2007). Obesity is determined to be a major problem related to health for both children and adult. It is one of the main public health related problems. Moreover, obesity is considered to be a complex problem. In this regard, there are many factors including nutrition, genetic, energy consumption as well as environment factors which are responsible for contributing to obesity etiology. Overweight children possess many chronic conditions which may lead to obesity in their adult life. Obesity raises the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes in adults as well as in children. Moreover, obesity in childhood can also lead to high blood pleasure related medical condition in adulthood. Hypertension is related to obesity which may cause cerebral hemorrhage and heart disease (Raman, 2002). Eating disorder is a major reason for obesity. Food is considered as a coping material for individuals suffering from weight gain problem. In this concern, individuals possessing these problems tend to intake food in order to cope up with anxious or stressed situations as well as circumstances. Intake of high

Centre of Mass Impact on Roll of Dice

Centre of Mass Impact on Roll of Dice Harrison Back In physics, the centre of mass is defined as The unique part in an object or system which can be used to describe the systems response to external forces and torques (Center of Mass, Hyperphysics.com). It references the overall average mass of an object and assigns that average to a point on or within the object, usually near the centre. This can be seen in Figure 1. Changing the location of the centre of mass affects how the object reacts to external forces. This can be seen though the objects rotational axis. An objects rotational axis is the theoretical line drawn through an object to show how it will rotate. Unless an axle is deliberately created, an object will attempt to rotate around its centre of mass. This can be shown in Figure 2. As pictured, the bats centre of mass is closer to the end than it is the handle. As the path it draws as it circles through the air traces the travel of the centre of mass, the bat appears to spin around in an erratic manner. The path drawn shows the bat circling its rotational axis, which is in the same position as its centre of mass. Another result of the location of the centre of mass of an object is its stability. The closer to the ground an objects centre of mass is, the susceptible to being tipped over it is. This is why professional fighters always recommend you get down low to the ground. In order for an object to successfully be tipped over, its centre of must be moved to a position in front of the base of an object. This can be seen in Figure 3. When it comes to (fair) dice, the centre of mass is in the exact centre of the object. This means all the faces are equidistant from it. The result of this is, after a roll, every face has equal opportunity to come up. However, if the centre of mass is moved from the geographical centre of the dice, then the axis of rotation is changed, and the dice is no longer fair. This is known as weighting the dice, as it is done by making one face effectively heavier than another, causing the opposite face to roll more frequently. In the following experiment, the degree to which weighting two dice affects their average roll. The centre of mass of a cube with uniform density is at the geographical centre of the cube. Because of this, only relatively simple math is necessary to locate it. If the dice edge length is equal to 10 centimetres, then the following reasoning would indicate the geographical centre: a2 + b2 = c2 52 + 52 = 7.0712 52 + 7.0712 = 8.6602 This means that the diagonal length between two opposite corners is equal to 8.66 centimetres, and as the geographical centre falls at the midway point on that line, the centre of mass for that object would be exactly 4.33 centimetres along the longest diagonal line. As the dice being discussed in this experiment are 1cm3, the above calculations can be scaled back by one decimal place to give an end result of 0.433cm along the diagonal line. Unfortunately, these calculations only hold true in the situation where the object has uniform density. As melting the dice will change the density throughout the dice, it is nearly impossible to find the exact centre of mass of the adjusted dice, as one would need to know exactly how dense any portion of the dice is. As the centre of mass is moved further from the middle of the dice, the effectively lighter face will roll upwards more often than not.       Firstly, two six-sided dice were rolled 100 times by the same person to record a baseline to compare against. The same dice were used throughout the experiment for consistencys sake, and the same person rolled the dice every time so as to keep a relatively continuous roll style. After this control was set, the dice were placed one side-down on an oven tray, so as to make that side heavier and thus theoretically cause a six to be rolled more frequently. They were then moved into an oven which had been preheating at 180 ° Celsius for five minutes and left to bake for an additional five minutes. These times were chosen because, in the case of the former, five minutes provided adequate time for the oven to get to temperature, while also not expending unnecessary time, and in the case of the latter, 5 minutes supplied ample time for the dice to become viscous enough to change their centre of mass, while still maintaining a somewhat cubic shape. Of course, they couldnt be expected t o remain perfectly cubic, however, they were to remain cubic enough that they could be easily mistaken as such by a casual onlooker. After the heat treatment, the same dice were rolled by the same person 100 times and the average roll was determined. This was then compared against the initial control group and a conclusion was drawn thusly. .Average: 3.46 Average: 3.22 Unexpectedly, melting the dice so as to lower their centre of mass did not yield the expected result. In fact, even though it was expected that the melted dice would roll a six more frequently, the opposite occurred instead; ones were rolled more frequently than before the melting. This can be seen through the lowered average after the melting, from 3.46 to 3.22. Every piece of background research would suggest that lowering the centre of mass would cause that side to roll downwards more frequently. This means that it was most likely not a flaw in the hypothetical realm, rather one in the practical. The various uncontrollable variables, as well as recommendations should this experiment be repeated, will be discussed further below, in the Evaluation portion of this report. There were many instances in this experiment which could have corrupted the results and caused the hypothesis to not be supported. These include, but are not limited to, the fact the dice were melted by a relatively uncontrollable heat source, the method by which they were rolled, the surface on which they were rolled, and the fact that the dice were not preserved perfectly as they were during the time between the initial, pre oven rolls, and the final, post oven rolls. As the only apparatus available for use with melting dice that was available was a standard kitchen oven, its use could have caused unexpected results. The temperature was not perfectly monitored; rather it was presumed to be approximately 180 ° Celcius. The surfaces the dice were rolled on varied between their pre-oven and post-oven states. Before they were melted, the dice were rolled on a hard, synthetic laminate, while, afterward, they were rolled onto a softer, malleable desk mat made from fabric and a pla stic polymer. This could have resulted in differing roll averages, as the softer surface absorbed more kinetic energy from the falling dice, thus reducing the duration of their roll. During the time between where the dice were unchanged and where they were, they were kept in one of three places. These included a compartment in a school bag, the pocket of a pair of formal pants, and open on a glass desk. This resulted in the dice being moved frequently, interacting and possibly reacting with surrounding elements, as well as each other. The throes of everyday wear could very well have caused minute damages and changes in the dice which could have lead to inaccurate results from them.In summary, if this experiment were to be replicated, several changes would have to be made to the methodology. Firstly, a finely controlled and monitored oven would have to be used. This would result in a more deliberately variable melt; one could precisely decide how much the dice should be exposed to th e heat. Also, a robotic arm should be used in place of a human one. The dice should have specific receptacles by which their roll begins the exact same way every time, and the arm (while still having some degree of variability) would be far more specific with its rolling method. The dice should remain in an airtight, pressurised container. This would function to keep the dice in as pristine condition as possible, and reduce interaction with eroding compounds to a minimum. The dice should be rolled onto a specific surface, and its properties should be closely documented and monitored. Lastly, the experiment should be done in one sitting, as prolonging it increases the risk of a change occurring in any of the many points of failure throughout the procedure. As a result of the experiment being performed in such imprecise ways, the results were different to what was expected. However, as is the case with many high school science experiments, the necessary precision required for this kind of procedure caused inaccuracies in the experimental process and resulted in an unsupported hypothesis. As the background research supported the aforementioned hypothesis, the only plausible fault is as a result of the imperfect nature of the experiment. Work Cited   Ã‚   (Center of Mass)Center of mass. Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. N.p., 2017. Web 8 Feb. 2017 (Center Of Mass)Center Of Mass. En.wikipedia.org. N.p., 2017. Web 1 Mar. 2017 (Torque And Angular Momentum | Physics | Science |Khan Academy)Torque And Angular Momentum | Physics | Science |Khan Academy. Khan academy. N.P., 2017. Web. 1 Mar. 2017 (Socratic.org, 2017)Socratic.org, (2017). Why is the center of mass important in physics> | Socratic. [online] Available at: https://socratic.org/questions/why-is-the-centre-of-mass-important-in-physics [Accessed 1 Mar. 2017]. (Bbc.co.uk, 2017)Bbc.co.uk. (2017). BBC GCSE Bitesize Science Moments : Revision, Page 4. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_aqa/using_physics_make_things_work/moments/revision/4/ [Accessed 1 Mar. 2017]. Farside.ph.utexas.edu. (2017). Centre of mass. [online] Available at: http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/node102.html [Accessed 18 Mar. 2017]

Lush Cosmetics is a brilliant company Essay

Lush Cosmetics is a brilliant company with a lot of new ideas and most of Lush products are handmade and marked by the producer (Lush, 2014). Nowadays, Lush become very popular around the world developing steadily. However, Lush still has a couple of problems to improve after researching described by 4Ps. To be clearer, Lush will be compared with the some famous British cosmetics company The Body Shop (The Body Shop, 2014). Compared with The Body Shop, Lush does not have enough type of skincare products, especially for man (The Body Shop, 2014). Different kind of skin, such as neutral, dry, oil and sensitive skin has different demand of skincare products. It is clear to see the special man skincare products in The Body Shop, but there is no special man skincare product in Lush. Furthermore, the color, design and shape have an effect on how a product looks rather than how it works, but except the appearance of Lush product, the design and shape of product need to have a change (Lush, 2014). For example, when consumers buy the irregular soap back to home, it is so hard for them to find a place or a case to put these products as wetting. The shape of same soaps’ shape is round, which may roll anywhere, so that the designer should have a consideration for the customer how to keep such irregular product when consumer use them at second time. The price of the Lush products is a little higher than the same function products of other brands. For example, one of the most popular products in Lush is Big, a shampoo, costs  £12.25 (Lush, 2014), and the same function shampoo in The Body Shop is  £4.5. It is clear that the price of Lush product is expensive than others. Also, Lush improves their price once a year, The Big used to be  £11.50 (Lush, 2013). At the same time, The Body Shop seldom improves its products’ price (The Body Shop, 2014). In the promotion aspect of Lush, its promotion method is quite single. In the book edited by Adrian Mackay, Simonetti and Brenda (2004) indicate that the institution of Sales Promotion and the trade association defined promotion as ‘A consumer or business directed marketing activity that enhances product appeal by offering an extra incentive to purchase or participate.’ Compared with The Body Shop, it shows special voucher code on their website, give  high discount, and free delivery to the customer when they purchase over a certain amount products. After browsing the Lush website, the only promotion method found is that customers can get a free mask if they take six empty mask pots back to Lush shops. So this promotion is only for mask customers but mask is just one category of their product lines. For the place of local store, the consumer has very limited access to Lush products. To be more specifically, Lush only has one store in one city center and do not have any counter in shopping malls. So the local store is always very crowded. Second, Lush does not corporate with any cosmetics website, so the only way to buy Lush products online is visit its official website. As it is not free shipping, consumers may be not willing to pay the delivery fee when they only want to buy one or two products. It is also interesting to find Lush offer next day delivery and standard delivery for their products in their delivery information (Lush, 2014). However, standard delivery could take 3-5 working days to deliver a product. Most of Lush mask should be kept in fridge and used within three weeks. It is puzzled that how can they guarantee the freshness of its products as it declared. Lush (2014), lush-history [Online]. Available from: https://www.lush-hk.com/shop/info/4/lush-history [Accessed 16/12/2014]. The Body Shop (2014), History [Online]. Available from: http://www.thebodyshopcareers.com/gb/en/#about-us [Accessed 16/12/2014]. The Body Shop (2014), Skincare [Online]. Available from: http://www.thebodyshop.co.uk/skincare.aspx#/skincare.aspx [Accessed 16/12/2014]. Lush (2014), Path [Online]. Available from: https://www.lush-hk.com/shop/product/category/path/136_141/ [Accessed 16/12/2014]. The Body Shop (2014), For man [Online]. Available from: http://www.thebodyshop.co.uk/skincare/mens-face-care.aspx#/mens-face-care.aspx [Accessed 16/12/2014]. Lush (2014), Delivery information [Online]. Available from: https://www.lush.co.uk/help/delivery [Accessed 16/12/2014]. MACKAY, A. 2004. Practice of Advertising, Routledge.